As a distinct educational type operating in parallel with general education and holding equal importance, clarifying the typological positioning of vocational education is a core prerequisite for the reform and development of vocational education in China, as well as a crucial measure for perfecting the modern education system. Based on typological thinking, this paper elucidates the core connotations and theoretical foundations of the typological positioning of vocational education, analyzes the existing shortcomings in the institutional framework supporting this positioning in China, and integrates the practical development of vocational education to construct an institutional guarantee system that aligns with the typological attributes of vocational education. This system is developed across dimensions including legal safeguards, institutional frameworks for provision, faculty development, evaluation systems, and industry-education integration. The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical pathways for promoting the high-quality development of vocational education and manifesting its typological value.